Paper summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper summary - Essay Example The essay hereby aims to explain the points of discussions as structured in the main sections of the article. Further, through the provision of examples and by critically analyzing the contents, the discourse would determine if the authors achieved their objectives through the structure, presentation and discussion of identified concerns. Achieving Learning Effectiveness The authors averred that the way to gauge or measure business gaming simulations (BGS) is through learning effectiveness or educational validity. Two crucial considerations influence learning effectiveness, to wit: effective design and the manner of implementation. The manner of presentation of crucial concerns is perceived to be confusing with intermittent references to various researches conducted on the subject. Sub-topics could have clarified points of discussions. For instance, there could be a sub-heading on problems affecting the design, where algorithmic validity and realism level takes precedence. Under real ism, there are again factors that contribute to difficulties in designing appropriate BGS: the knowledge of the designer and perceived biases. Then, another sub-heading that could give readers a more accurate presentation and understanding of the topic is role of the participator. However, during its discussion, another new topic was discussed: the three types of participant dynamics which should have been discussed separately and in greater detail. The discussion of effective implementation explained the role of experiential learning to achieve effectiveness. By providing a clear definition of the term and the means to actively engage in it, the authors clearly proffered information on the subject. Two relevant factors: the support from a coach and a perceived level of personal motivation were discussed with support from previous researches. Establishing a Research Methodology Framework for Educational Validity Assessment The structure for the discussion of the methodology framewor k was clear, concise and appropriately explained. The section on definition of objectives and the presentation of theoretical propositions identified three propositions referring the previous works conducted on internal educational validity, external representational validity, and external educational validity. Under research design, the authors recommended the multi-case study as the design and explained the rationale by quoting Yin, to wit: â€Å"â€Å"the case study method allows investigators to retain the holistic and meaningful characteristics of real-life events—such as . . .managerial processes† (Yin, 2003, p. 2). This particular research design was chosen in its ability to address the issues that are questioned in terms of ‘why’ and ‘how’. A long discussion on achieving validity in research design ensued qualifying validity in terms of construct, internal and external validity, and their reliability. A tabular illustration effectivel y summarized crucial highlights to enhance the readers’ understanding and preview comparative elements at a glance. Designing and Building an Effective Simulation Model: Objectives and Process Stainton, et.al. (2010)

Divorce in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Divorce in America - Essay Example There are seven factors identified as the reasons for divorce based on the study done by Mafauzy, director of faculty of health in Malaysia. According to him the following is the reason for divorce; failure by husbands and wives in discharging their responsibilities, low grounding in religion, interference by third parties, differences in culture, sexual problems, money and careers. A recent study by the Creighton University Center for Marriage and Family concludes that the biggest obstacle in the marriage life is the time, sex and money. The study found that debt brought into marriage, the couples' financial situation, balancing job and family, and frequency of sexual relations were of greatest concern to those ages 29 and under. The female or male may have their freedom from the marriage but the biggest impact will be on the children of the couple. Each year over 1 million children suffer the divorce of their parents. Those children who witnessed the divorce of their parent before they turn 18 usually carry the effect up to their adulthood and even affect the future generation. Some of the damaging effects include the following: Families with children that were not poor before the divorce see their income drop as much as 50 percent. Almost 50 percent of the parents with children that are going through a divorce move into poverty after the divorce. Institutions, go Religious worship, which has been linked to better health, longer marriages, and better family life, drops after the parents divorce. Conclusion Institutions, government and every individual should be aware in the effects of divorce in children. The people or couple should understand the core principles of marriage before getting into it. That principle is that marriage is the best environment in which to raise healthy, happy children who can achieve their potential and that the family is the most important institution for social well being. If the family is the building block of society, then marriage is the foundation of the family. If this foundation is growing weaker, then the society will not be as strong as it used to be. Reference: 1. Patrick, F. and Rector, R. , "The Effects of Divorce on America, June 5,